Adoption under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015: Analysing Legal and Procedural Challenges in India.

Roshni Laskar; Kabita Chakraborty

Adoption under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015: Analysing Legal and Procedural Challenges in India.

Author(s)	Ms. Roshni Laskar, Prof. Dr. Kabita Chakraborty
Country	India
Abstract	Adoption plays a significant role in guaranteeing care, protection and rehabilitation of children without parental care. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 in India offers a secular legal framework regulating adoption irrespective of religion. Through a systematic adoption procedure, the legislation tends to safeguard the interest of abandoned, orphaned and surrendered children under the supervision of the Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA). Adoption laws shows substantial improvement and significant reforms through digitalized procedures but due to ineffective system and procedural issues and obstacles, continue to effect the efficiency of adoption system. India’s adoption framework continues to face delays in declaring children legally available for adoption, institutional inefficiencies, lack of adoptable children, insufficient counselling facilities, administrative difficulties and concern about inclusivity in adoption policies. These process frequently obstruct prompt rehabilitation and have a negative effect on the wellbeing of children living in institutional care. This article critically examines the legal framework governing adoption under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 and evaluates the procedural flaws affecting its proper implementation. The study also discusses about the importance of CARA and other policies including the judicial interpretations relating to adoption laws in India. The paper highlighted that though the present legal framework related to adoption is child centric but still the procedural delays and poor implementation restrict its effectiveness in practice. This article concludes by suggesting reforms aim to improve institutional responsibility, accountability, streamline adoption processes, and guarantee a more efficient child welfare system.
Keywords	Adoption, Juvenile Justice Act, CARA, Child Welfare, Rehabilitation, Child Rights, Institutional Care, Procedural Delays.
Field	Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 6, November-December 2026
Published On	2026-11-03

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Adoption under the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015: Analysing Legal and Procedural Challenges in India.

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