International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Development of the Hindi Diagnostic Articulation Test (HDAT): A Three-Phase Study of Word Familiarity, Speech-Sound Acquisition, Phonological Patterns, and Stimulability In Hindi-Speaking Children

Author(s) Dr. Ankita Kumari
Country India
Abstract Assessment of speech-sound production should reflect the phonetic inventory, familiar vocabulary, and dialectal patterns of the child’s language. Objective: To develop a picture-supported diagnostic articulation test for Modern Standard Hindi and describe developmental patterns among Hindi-speaking children. Methods: The three-phase investigation comprised identification of target vowels, consonants, and picturable words (Phase I); word-familiarity and picture-appropriateness ratings by 10 teachers (Phase II); and assessment of 100 typically developing Hindi-speaking children aged 3 years to 7 years 12 months, with 20 children in each of five age groups (Phase III). Sound acquisition was operationally defined as correct production by at least 75% of children in any two of three tested word positions. Results: The initial stimulus-development records identify 31 vowel words and 256 consonant words; a separate summary lists 263 consonant candidates, requiring reconciliation against the original item register. Following item review, the final test comprised 13 vowel-target and 100 consonant-target words. Bilabial, dental, and velar sounds generally showed earlier accurate production, whereas retroflex flaps, selected sibilants, and composite consonant sequences demonstrated later or more variable performance. Phonological error patterns, stimulability, and dialectal variants were also examined. Conclusion: HDAT offers a structured, linguistically informed approach to eliciting and analyzing Hindi speech sounds. Further representative sampling and psychometric evaluation are necessary before establishing generalizable normative cutoffs or definitive diagnostic accuracy.
Keywords Hindi; articulation; phonological processes; speech sound acquisition; picture naming; stimulability; dialectal variation; HDAT.
Published In Volume 8, Issue 6, November-December 2026
Published On 2026-11-03
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i06.91336
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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