International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 6
November-December 2026

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Automated Decision-Making and Individual Rights: A Critical Analysis of Human Intervention under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

Author(s) Ms. Niharika Nirmohi, Prof. Dr. Deepti Monga
Country India
Abstract The use of AI and algorithmic systems in governance, finance, health and work has radically reshaped decision-making about people. Although automated decision-making can make institutions more efficient and scalable, it brings about new acute challenges of algorithmic opacity, deep-rooted bias, and loss of human dignity. In the backdrop of this, the present research paper critically reviews the legal framework of India outlined in Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 with a particular emphasis on the lack of a standalone statutory right against solely automated decision-making and a right to a human intervention. Adopting a doctrinal and comparative legal research methodology, the study examines the Indian data protection regime's statutory provisions and the jurisprudence of the right to privacy and procedural fairness and compares it with Article 22 of the EU GDPR and Article 14 of the EU AI Act. While Section 8(3), Section 10 and Section 13 of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, together with Rule 13 of the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, impose obligations of indirect compliance with the rules regarding data accuracy, algorithmic due diligence, and grievance redressal, they do not give individuals the power to challenge automated decisions or to request meaningful human intervention. This paper works towards the view that the legislative and regulatory reforms on targeted measures are necessary to make substantive human-in-the-loop safeguards a part of Indian data protection jurisprudence.
Keywords Automated Decision-Making, Data Principal Rights, Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, Human Intervention, Algorithmic Accountability, Right to Explanation
Published In Volume 8, Issue 6, November-December 2026
Published On 2026-11-15
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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