International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Impact of Literacy in Tribal Population on Income and occupational Opportunities.

Author(s) Dr. Sangeeta Mohan
Country India
Abstract The present study proposes to develop the regional dimension of tribal literacy by emphasizing the spatial patterns. The study also highlights the impact of illiteracy on the implementation of various Government schemes. A well-structured questionnaire based on the objectives of the present study was formed. Data was collected from tribal people from Jharkhand, Assam Chhattisgarh, MP and Odisha.
The Ministry of Social Welfare, Tribal affairs & Ministry of Education have started more than 100 such schemes that can uplift the living standard of tribal people. Illiteracy is considered to be one of the most unfavorable social problems that tribal people are experiencing. A sample size of 200 respondents was randomly selected to ascertain the impact of Illiteracy on various government projects. The majority of respondents were in favor of formal educational institutions for women. Findings reveal that literate tribal parents have a better attitude towards education of their children than their illiterate counterparts. Findings also reveal that tribal parents from high socio economic have better attitude towards literacy than tribals from low socio-economic back grounds.
Findings suggest that the literacy level of the tribal people is not having much impact on their earning capacity. The job opportunities for tribal people have improved based on their literacy level which is explained by the factor that is formed. Increased rate of literacy has a positive impact on overall growth of tribes, in improving income, Job opportunities for tribal people improved with improvement in literacy.

The factor analysis of the study reveals that literacy level has improved the earning capacity of the tribal people and in a way Mother’s and Infant’s Mortality rate has decreased significantly. - The factor of Various government’s welfare Scheme (0.856) and Exploitation (Physical & Financial) in Job (0.560) also significantly decreased by literacy level which is explained by the factor analysis
A large number of respondents 37 (N=100) that constitutes approximately 41.11 % are illiterate because of non-specified reasons. Eighteen respondents that constitutes 20 % replied that they did not go to schools because of their parents. Ten respondents (11.12%) left schooling because of their poor family back ground and had to work as a wage labour to support family, attitude of teachers and students ( 6.67%), because of domestic work (13.34%) were left illiterate.
Study also reveals that 24 % of respondents 48 (N= 200 ) did not get seeds and fertilizers because they were not informed by the officers, 29 % of respondents 58 ( N=200) did not get their genuine wage from contractor because they don’t know what fixed minimum wage are decided for them, 12 respondent did not get benefit of DBT ( Direct Benefit Transfer ) because they don’t have bank account. Four percent respondent 8 (N=200) did not get benefit of free ration because their ration card was not made and a huge number of respondents 18 % ( N=200) could not avail facilities of Ayushman Bharat health card as their adhar card was either not made or was not linked properly.
Keywords Tribes, Tribal Population, Government Schemes, Mother Mortality,Infant Mortality, STDs, Anemia, Illiteracy
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 7, Issue 1, January-February 2025
Published On 2025-02-28
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i01.38056
Short DOI https://doi.org/g86w37
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