Lithological mapping and spectral characterization of Rocks of different ages exposed in Southern Rajasthan using Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

Tanushree Parmar; Romit Beed

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.47064

Lithological mapping and spectral characterization of Rocks of different ages exposed in Southern Rajasthan using Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

Author(s)	Ms. Tanushree Parmar, Dr. Romit Beed
Country	India
Abstract	Age-related spectral variations in lithologically similar rocks are often overlooked in remote sensing-based geological studies. The research explores the potential of distinguishing Quartzite, Granite, and Carbonate rocks across different geological formations, specifically, the Banded Gneissic Complex, Aravalli Supergroup, and Delhi Supergroup. It investigates the surface reflectance patterns of different age group lithologies by integrating multispectral data from Landsat 8/9 and ASTER with hyperspectral imagery from PRISMA and AVIRIS-NG. The methodology involves atmospheric correction, sophisticated forms of dimensionality reduction like PCA and MNF, spectral index calculation and computing band ratios. Other spatial analyses and terrain modelling (slope, aspect) using DEM data were also performed using GIS software. The results noted rough spectral homogeneity within the same rock types across different age formations, attributing increased weathering, structural, and mineralogical maturity to aging. The work shows that with sufficient understanding of the area and detailed interpretations, lithological mapping and spectral characterization of different age-group rocks can be performed without machine learning approaches. The classification accuracy was computed using a spatial overlay approach in GIS, where digitized lithological units derived from the classified image were compared with corresponding units from the Survey of India geological map. The percentage of area correctly matched for each lithology was used as the basis for accuracy estimation. The study, on the other hand, does emphasize the uncontrolled need for sophisticated automation in diagenetic data interpretation when precision and wider application scopes are required.
Keywords	Band Ratio, Lithological mapping, Reflectance, Remote Sensing, Spectral Analysis
Field	Computer > Artificial Intelligence / Simulation / Virtual Reality
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2025
Published On	2025-06-05
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.47064
Short DOI	https://doi.org/g9pzvr

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Lithological mapping and spectral characterization of Rocks of different ages exposed in Southern Rajasthan using Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

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