International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning: Challenges, Techniques, and Prospects for Distributed AI

Author(s) Aditya Kumar, Dr. Mahip Chaurasia, Rishita Singh
Country India
Abstract The rapid growth of data-driven applications in healthcare, finance, IoT, and autonomous systems has created a pressing need for privacy-preserving and scalable machine learning methods. Traditional centralized learning, which aggregates data into a single repository, faces challenges related to data privacy, security, communication overhead, and regulatory compliance. Federated Learning (FL) offers a decentralized solution, enabling multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model without sharing raw data. Only model updates are exchanged, preserving privacy while leveraging distributed computational resources. This paper reviews FL architectures— including centralized, decentralized, horizontal, vertical, cross-device, and cross-silo—along with core components such as local clients, central servers, and communication protocols. Privacy- preserving techniques like differential privacy, secure aggregation, homomorphic encryption, and anonymization/pseudonymization are discussed to protect sensitive information. FL applications span healthcare, finance, IoT, smart devices, and autonomous systems, highlighting its transformative potential. Key challenges include data and system heterogeneity, efficient aggregation, personalization, robustness, and regulatory compliance. Future directions focus on enhanced privacy, communication efficiency, model personalization, and integration with edge and IoT environments. FL thus represents a promising paradigm for secure, collaborative, and distributed artificial intelligence.
Keywords Federated learning
Field Computer > Artificial Intelligence / Simulation / Virtual Reality
Published In Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2025
Published On 2025-10-13
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i05.57558
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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