Doctrinal Research on Privacy and Data Protection in Cyberspace – a Critical Analysis of Data Protection Laws”

Author(s)	Helan Harisma P
Country	India
Abstract	The protection of data privacy in cyberspace has become a critical concern in the digital age, particularly in India, where rapid technological advancements and increasing digitalization have heightened the need for robust data governance. The enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023 marks a significant legislative step towards safeguarding personal data and recognizing privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. However, despite this progress, India continues to face numerous challenges such as enforcement gaps, the conflict between economic development and privacy, and growing cyber threats. Additionally, there are notable research gaps, including limited empirical data on enforcement, inadequate focus on marginalized communities, and insufficient comparative studies with global data protection regimes. This study explores these issues and emphasizes the need for continuous legal, institutional, and policy improvements to ensure effective data privacy protection in India‘s dynamic digital environment.
Keywords	Data Privacy, Cyberspace, DPDP Act 2023, Right to Privacy, IndianConstitution Article 21, Data Protection Laws, Cybersecurity, Technological Advancements.
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-11-20
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.61181
Short DOI	https://doi.org/hbbz5x

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International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research