A Layered Analysis of Security Threats and Solutions in the Internet of Things

Author(s)	Ms. Jeyarani Milton, Ms. Swagatika Samal Samal, Ms. Ridhima Sehgal
Country	India
Abstract	The rapid proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled seamless interconnection of billions of heterogeneous devices across domains such as healthcare, smart cities, industrial automation, agriculture, transportation, and education. While IoT improves efficiency, automation, and decision-making, it also introduces critical security and privacy challenges due to device heterogeneity, resource constraints, large-scale deployment, and continuous data exchange over open and often insecure networks. This paper presents a systematic review of major security issues in IoT systems. The review categorizes security threats across different IoT layers, analyzes common attacks, surveys existing security mechanisms, and identifies open research challenges. The objective is to provide researchers, academicians, and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of IoT security concerns and future research directions.
Keywords	Internet of Things, IoT Security, Cyber Attacks, Privacy, Authentication, Systematic Review
Field	Computer Applications
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On	2025-12-23
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.64209

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