International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Study Of Lambda-CDM: Assumptions of FLRW

Author(s) Mr. Souryadeepta Majumdar
Country India
Abstract The expansion rate of the Universe has been a debatable discussion among all minds and with the establishment of the homogeneity model and retrieval of CMB data, several equations and metrics have been derived, which compute the expansion rate of the Universe with an assumption of homogeneity and isotropy throughout. However, it is also notable that the scalability of the homogeneity cannot be validated overall on a small scale. Hence, concepts have been used to establish metrics that help in computing the expansion rate of the Universe by assuming heterogeneous frames and large scaling. A thorough review of isotropy and its deduction to homogeneity is done in this further to check on the scalability of the expansion rate of the Universe in the homogeneity scale. Besides, an assumption that if the Copernican assumption is denied for a case and the Universe is considered to be heterogeneous, what would be the expansion rate of the Universe then and if it is valid then what changes do we need to make in the current cosmological model CDM are noted and mentioned. We currently have a semi-proven cosmological model which has proven its existence observationally to a huge extent but needs enough mathematical proof to confirm the observations. We take note of the assumptions and based on them we proceed further in concluding all the research areas that require more work to make this a mathematically stable model completely. The main focus of this paper will stick to the assumptions needed for the FLRW metric and further works on the same will come up.
Keywords Modern Cosmology, Expansion rate, Cosmological Principle, Relativity, Isotropy, Homogeneity
Field Physics > Astronomy
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-31
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i06.65115
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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