International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Impact of Ucc On Legal Status Of Muslim Women In India A Critical Study Of Gender Justice Under Personal Law

Author(s) Dr. Rakesh Ramanbhai Thakor, Najminaben Hamidkhan Rana
Country India
Abstract This study critically examines the impact of the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) on the legal status of Muslim women in India, with special reference to gender justice under Muslim Personal Law. The research analyzes the existing legal framework governing Muslim women in matters of marriage, divorce, maintenance, inheritance, and custody, primarily under the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937 and related statutes. It further evaluates whether the present personal law system ensures substantive equality in light of constitutional principles such as equality before law (Article 14), prohibition of discrimination (Article 15), right to life and dignity (Article 21), and the Directive Principle under Article 44, which encourages the State to secure a Uniform Civil Code.
The study adopts a doctrinal and analytical research methodology based on constitutional provisions, statutory enactments, and landmark judicial decisions. Important cases such as Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum, Danial Latifi v. Union of India, and Shayara Bano v. Union of India are examined to understand the evolving judicial approach toward gender justice in personal law matters. These judgments demonstrate the significant role played by the judiciary in harmonizing personal laws with constitutional values.
A comparative analysis between Muslim and Hindu personal laws highlights both progress and disparities. While reforms in Hindu law, particularly after the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005, have strengthened women’s property rights and ensured formal equality, certain aspects of Muslim Personal Law—such as polygamy and unequal inheritance shares—continue to raise concerns regarding substantive gender justice. At the same time, internal reforms within Muslim law and progressive judicial interpretation have improved the legal position of Muslim women in areas such as maintenance and protection from arbitrary divorce.
Keywords Uniform Civil Code (UCC), Article 44 of the Constitution, Directive Principles of State Policy, Muslim Personal Law, Shariat Law, Gender Justice, Gender Equality, Legal Status of Muslim Women, Personal Law Reform
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-03-07
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.70666
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