International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 8 Issue 2
March-April 2026

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Guardians or Bystanders? A Critical Examination of International Bodies and Their Accountability During Armed Conflict

Author(s) Ms. FARIYA SHARAF
Country India
Abstract The protection of civilians and enforcing of humanitarian standards in armed conflicts are the functions of international bodies that must be obligatory but repeated instances of operational failure indicate a deeper conflict between normative and accountability considerations. The United Nations (UN), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and International Criminal Court (ICC), represent the protective mandate that has its basis on the U.N. Charter arts. 1, 55; the Geneva Conventions; and the Rome Statute, yet repetitive failures in Rwanda, Srebrenica, and Syria reveal accountability lapses which compromise the law and their legitimacy in the institution.
In this paper, the authors find normative and legal gaps through the critical analysis of the institutional design, political interference, and immunities limiting enforcement and avoidance of mechanisms that are supposed to deter violations. The study can be used to show that the lack of accountability is not an accident but a structural phenomenon, which is achieved by combining both empirical analysis and normative theory. It suggests analytical framework as a reconstruction of accountability in terms of measurable outcomes, reformative institutionalization and legal obligations. The aim of this framework is to avoid the recurrence of the past errors and enhance humanitarian security during the conflicts in the future.
Keywords international law international bodies sanctions peace
Published In Volume 8, Issue 2, March-April 2026
Published On 2026-04-14
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i02.74579
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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