International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Volume 8 Issue 4
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Concrete Sculpture and Architectural Aesthetics: A Study of Le Corbusier’s Chandigarh

Author(s) Mr. Raman, Dr. Vinit Bihari
Country India
Abstract This paper examines béton brut in Chandigarh’s Capitol Complex as constructed form, symbolic image, and situational sculpture. Rather than treating sculpture and architecture as separate elements, the study considers the Capitol Complex an integrated entity in which architectural buildings, monuments, bas-reliefs, water bodies, artificial hills, and open spaces form a unified semiotic structure. It focuses on the Open Hand Monument, the Tower of Shadows, the Geometric Hill, the Solar Hours project, and the Martyrs’ Memorial, as well as the sculptural aspects of the High Court, Legislative Assembly, and Secretariat buildings. The analysis draws on primary and official sources from the Fondation Le Corbusier, UNESCO World Heritage documentation on Le Corbusier, and Chandigarh’s planning and conservation records. It is further supported by scholarly studies of Le Corbusier’s work by Norma Evenson, Peter Serenyi, Vikramaditya Prakash, Ravi Kalia, Mary Patricia May Sekler, and Russell Walden. The paper argues that the concept of béton brut was reinterpreted in Chandigarh to support state representation and naturalisation within a postcolonial framework. It further demonstrates that the aesthetic function of concrete extends beyond its rough surfaces and plastic qualities. Concrete operates as a mediator connecting democratic ideals, climatic considerations, cosmological thought, and the surrounding landscape. The Capitol Complex therefore emerges as a unified architectural and sculptural expression of India’s post-independence identity.
Keywords Le Corbusier Chandigarh, concrete sculpture, sculptural architecture, Open Hand Monument, modern architecture, symbolism sculpture.
Field Arts
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-16
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.85830
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