International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Brief historical account of Wilkinson Rule of 1837: state of judicial governance in Kolhan division, Jharkhand

Author(s) Ms. christina Deogam
Country India
Abstract During 19th century, in British India, Captain Thomas Wilkinson established the Wilkinson Rules (WR), 1837 in the Kolhan area, which is a distinctive judicial administration system under the South-West Frontier Agency. It operated as a non-regulation system where native tribal organisations, such as the Manki and the Munda, were acknowledged and incorporated into governance, while general British laws were not fully enforced. By enabling disputes to be settled at the village level through Panchayats and customary practices, the Rules encouraged decentralised justice. It created a judicial hierarchy that was graded, with local chiefs handling minor cases and higher officials handling more serious ones. The approach guaranteed straightforward, affordable, and accessible justice, frequently carried out in regional tongues and without the rigorous engagement of solicitors. In order to safeguard tribal land rights and stop exploitation, it also placed limitations on land transfers.
The WR has a number of difficulties in the present day, despite its place in history and ongoing use in tribal governance. These include obsolete financial restrictions for civil lawsuits, inadequate compensation, bias against women in leadership positions, poor training for Manki-Munda leaders, and a lack of knowledge among tribal communities. The reforms suggesting in this work is to incorporate study of the rule into school curriculum, capacity-building initiatives, raising awareness, raising financial restrictions, empowering women in leadership roles, and aligning with constitutional principles are therefore desperately needed. The WR is a significant illustration of legal plurality in India since it combines institutional administrative structure with traditional tribal customs.
Keywords Manki-Munda Court, Kolhan, Larka kols, Ho tribe
Field Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-13
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.89616
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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